Final answer:
The correct analogy is Avery : transformation :: Hershey : bacteriophage, because both sets of experiments provided key evidence for DNA as the carrier of genetic information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the historical experiments that were foundational in establishing DNA as the genetic material, particularly focusing on the work of Avery and others on transformation, and Hershey and Chase on bacteriophages. Avery is to transformation as Hershey is to bacteriophage, meaning option a is correct. Avery's work with colleagues demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material passed on during the process of bacterial transformation, while Hershey and Chase's experiments with bacteriophages provided confirmatory evidence that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material. This was done by labeling the DNA of phages with radioactive phosphorus and the protein with radioactive sulfur, and observing which of these entered the bacterial cells upon infection, which indeed was DNA.