Final answer:
The Council of Trent was a significant assembly that made doctrinal decisions in response to the Protestant Reformation. It affirmed the Doctrine of Merit, the existence of Purgatory, the authority of scripture alongside Church tradition, and supported the use of religious art, while implementing important Church reforms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Council of Trent Decisions on Doctrine
The Council of Trent, convened by the Roman Catholic Church in 1545, was a pivotal moment in the history of Christianity, responding to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther. Its decisions with regard to doctrine were significant for delineating Roman Catholic theology. Firstly, the Council denied the Protestant concept of justification by faith alone and instead upheld the Doctrine of Merit, emphasizing the role of good works and the sacraments in salvation.
The Council also affirmed the existence of Purgatory, the importance and efficacy of all seven sacraments, and supported the necessity of religious art, cautioning against idolatrous practices. Notably, the Council reinforced the dual authority of scripture and the teachings and traditions of the Church.
This assembly of church leaders unequivocally supported the doctrine of transubstantiation and implemented reforms within the Church, such as the prohibition of the sale of indulgences, implementing measures to improve clergy education, and forbidding the appointment of relatives to church offices.
The decisions made at the Council of Trent solidified the divide between the Protestant reformers and the Roman Catholic Church, codifying essential Catholic doctrines and practices that continue to influence the Church's teachings to this day.