Final answer:
Technological advancements would not likely be a contributing factor in a mass-movement event.
Step-by-step explanation:
In late nineteenth-century America, the essential elements for creating massive urban growth included industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and technological advancements. However, it can be argued that the element that would not likely be a contributing factor in a mass-movement event is technological advancements. While technological advancements did play a role in urban development, they were not a primary driving force behind mass-movement events such as the westward expansion or the movement of people to urban centers.