Final answer:
John Stuart Mill's goal of moral and political action is to maximize the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, known as the greatest happiness principle in utilitarianism.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to John Stuart Mill, the goal of moral and political action should be to maximize people’s happiness, which is also known as the greatest happiness principle. This principle is a key concept in the utilitarian ethical framework, which asserts that the morality of an action is judged by its consequences, particularly in terms of resulting happiness or utility for the majority. In Mill’s philosophy, actions that produce the greatest net happiness for the most number of people are considered morally right, guiding not only individual decisions but also social policies and government actions to aim for social justice and the equitable distribution of opportunities.