Final answer:
Cocaine, methamphetamine, tranquilizers, morphine, and hallucinogens affect the brain in different ways. Cocaine and methamphetamine are stimulants that increase dopamine activity, tranquilizers are depressants that act on the GABA neurotransmitter system, morphine is an opioid that binds to opioid receptors, and hallucinogens cause sensory and perceptual distortions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The drugs mentioned affect the brain in different ways:
- Cocaine: It is a central nervous system stimulant that increases dopamine activity, leading to intense feelings of euphoria. It can also cause a rapid increase in blood pressure and heart rate.
- Methamphetamine: Similar to cocaine, it is a stimulant that increases dopamine activity. It can cause prolonged wakefulness, increased energy, and a surge of pleasure.
- Tranquilizers: These are central nervous system depressants that act on the GABA neurotransmitter system. They reduce anxiety, induce relaxation, and may cause drowsiness or sedation.
- Morphine: It is an opioid drug that binds to opioid receptors in the brain, blocking pain signals and producing feelings of euphoria. It can also cause drowsiness and respiratory depression.
- Hallucinogens: They cause sensory and perceptual distortions. The specific neurotransmitter systems they affect vary. For example, LSD is a serotonin agonist, while PCP and ketamine act as antagonists of the glutamate receptor.