Final answer:
Labor unions gained government-backed rights to organize and bargain collectively, which led to increased membership and better working conditions like the eight-hour workday and a living wage. However, the wage gains were offset by high inflation during World War I.
Step-by-step explanation:
World War I brought about significant advancements for labor unions, marked by the establishment of the National Labor War Board in April 1918. This development played a pivotal role in shaping the landscape of labor relations during the war. As part of the war effort, unions collaborated with both the government and management, entering into a "no-strike pledge." In exchange for their commitment to industrial peace, workers were granted government protection for their rights to organize and engage in collective bargaining.
The no-strike pledge created a cooperative environment that yielded substantial benefits for labor. Workers gained from the advocacy of key labor issues, including the establishment of an eight-hour workday, the pursuit of a living wage, and a notable increase in union membership. The latter surged from 2.6 million members in 1916 to 4.1 million in 1919, reflecting the newfound strength and influence of labor unions.
Despite these gains, the impact of inflation during the war period dampened the positive outcomes. While workers enjoyed higher wages and improved working conditions, the rising cost of living offset these advancements. Inflationary pressures eroded the real value of increased wages, creating challenges for workers to maintain their improved standard of living.
In essence, World War I became a transformative period for labor unions, with the establishment of the National Labor War Board and the collaborative efforts between unions, government, and management. The "no-strike pledge" served as a catalyst for positive changes, but the simultaneous economic challenges posed by inflation underscored the complexity of the wartime labor landscape and its nuanced effects on workers' rights and economic well-being.