Final answer:
CVA risk factors include high blood pressure and cholesterol, smoking, and obesity. Stroke symptoms include paralysis and speech issues, with immediate diagnostic tests like CT scans being crucial. Management differs between ischemic, where clot-busting drugs are used, and hemorrhagic strokes, which may need surgery, while post-stroke care involves lifestyle and medication adherence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Risk Factors and Management of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Risk factors for the development of a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), commonly known as a stroke, include high blood pressure, tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation. Age is also a significant risk factor, with two-thirds of strokes occurring in individuals over the age of 65. Lifestyle changes or medications can help manage most of these factors.
Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
The signs and symptoms of a stroke may incorporate an inability to move or feel on one side of the body, speech comprehension issues, difficulty speaking, memory problems, confusion, and dizziness. Hemorrhagic strokes can additionally produce severe headaches. A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) presents similar symptoms but they resolve on their own in less than an hour or two.
Diagnostic Tests for Stroke
Diagnostic tests for a patient presenting with stroke symptoms typically include imaging such as a CT scan or MRI to assess the brain's condition.
Medical Management for Stroke
In ischemic strokes, clot-busting drugs may prevent permanent brain damage if administered quickly, within 3 to 4 hours of onset. Hemorrhagic strokes may require different interventions, such as controlling blood pressure or surgical procedures to address bleeding or reduce pressure on the brain.
Discharge Teaching Post CVA
Discharge teaching post CVA should include lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, the importance of regular follow-up, signs of recurrent stroke, and when to seek immediate medical attention.