Final answer:
True, anticipatory socialization does often occur in prisons and other total institutions, where individuals are prepared for new life roles within the institution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that anticipatory socialization often occurs in prisons and other total institutions is true. Anticipatory socialization is the process through which individuals prepare for future life roles, and it is an important aspect of life in total institutions. Prisons are indeed considered total institutions, as they are places where individuals are isolated from the wider society and must follow a strict set of rules.
In these settings, people undergo resocialization, which involves a degradation ceremony where they lose aspects of their old identities and take on new ones that align with the expectations of the institution. For instance, the 6.9 million Americans living in prisons by the end of 2012 experienced such a process, which is a form of anticipatory socialization as they adapt to the roles required within the prison system. Examples of anticipatory socialization also include more benign activities outside of total institutions such as a couple living together before marriage or individuals planning for retirement.