Final answer:
The binding of antibodies to harmful agents like bacteria and viruses to prevent them from causing cell injury is called neutralization. This immune response protects cells by preventing pathogens from attaching to them.
Step-by-step explanation:
The binding of antibodies to sites on bacterial exotoxins or viruses that can cause cell injury is called neutralization. This process involves specific antibodies (IgG, IgM, or IgA) attaching to antigens on the surfaces of pathogens or toxins. These antibodies block the pathogens or toxins from attaching to target cells and thus neutralize their potential to cause harm. Furthermore, type II hypersensitivity can result in cell damage through antibody binding and activation of the complement system, commonly against red blood cells.