Final answer:
The term used for someone's first labor is B) Primipara. The use of pitocin is to induce or augment labor in cases like Janine, where labor is not progressing adequately. A newborn's first breath alters circulation by changing blood flow patterns and closing fetal circulation pathways.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used when talking about someone's first labor is B) Primipara. A primipara is a woman who is giving birth for the first time. During the stages of childbirth, especially in the case of a primipara like Janine, labor can take longer compared to women who have given birth before. The administration of IV pitocin is typically done to induce or augment labor, particularly when the cervix is not dilating adequately and labor is not progressing as it should. Pitocin, a synthetic form of oxytocin, stimulates uterine contractions to help further cervical dilation and advance labor.
The transition from fetal to neonatal circulation occurs when the newborn takes its first breath, drastically changing the blood flow pattern. This initial breath causes a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase in pulmonary blood flow, resulting in the closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, which are present in fetal circulation.