Final answer:
The closest object that a young woman with normal distant vision and a 10% accommodation ability can see clearly would be at the distance where her eyes' power at 55.0 D forms a sharp image on the retina.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves understanding how the power of the human eye in diopters (D) relates to the ability to see objects at various distances. Specifically, it concerns the young woman with normal distant vision and her ability to accommodate, or adjust, the power of her eyes. This accommodation ability allows her to focus on close objects by increasing the optical power of her eyes. When the power of her eyes increases by 10%, it indicates a change in diopters from the base power necessary for distant vision. Given that normal distant vision is 50.0 D, a 10% increase would make the power 55.0 D.
For objects to be seen clearly, the distance from the lens to the retina (typically about 2 cm) must match the adjusted focal length of the eye. The closest object she can see clearly would be at the distance where the fully accommodated power of her eyes forms a sharp image on the retina.
In the context of optometry and the study of vision science, such understanding is essential to address issues such as presbyopia and to determine the correct prescription for glasses.