Final answer:
The cell performs its basic job during the Interphase of the cell cycle, particularly in the G1 phase where it grows, carries out routine functions, and prepares for division.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phase in which the cell does its basic job is known as Interphase, specifically the G1 phase (First Gap). During this period, a eukaryotic cell grows, performs its routine life processes, and prepares for future division, engaging in activities that are essential to its specific role. For instance, a heart cell will engage in different activities than a kidney or liver cell, carrying out functions particular to its role in the body. Interphase consists of three parts: the G1 phase, where the cell grows and carries out basic functions; the S phase (Synthesis), where DNA replication occurs; and the G2 phase, where the cell prepares for mitosis.
Cells also prepare the necessary components for DNA replication during the G1 phase, which includes accumulating building blocks of chromosomal DNA and proteins, as well as storing enough energy for the upcoming processes. If a cell is not dividing, it may exit the cycle and enter a resting phase called Go phase. Conversely, cells that are set to divide will follow the G1 phase with the Synthesis phase and subsequently enter the Growth Phase 2 (G2) for final preparations before mitosis. The activities during Interphase ensure a cell is performing its specific duties and is primed for healthy division.