Final answer:
A minor can be a shareholder but not a director, due to the legal incapacity of minors to make binding decisions. Using another's insurance benefits without authorization is considered insurance fraud, which is illegal and could lead to legal action.
Step-by-step explanation:
The issue of a minor being a shareholder largely depends on the corporation laws of the specific jurisdiction. Generally, minors can be shareholders, but they cannot act as directors or have legal capacity to make decisions on behalf of the corporation until they reach the age of majority. This is because being a director involves entering into contracts and other legal obligations, which minors are typically not able to do.
The second issue at hand is the potential insurance fraud. It is illegal to use someone else's insurance benefits without proper authorization, as it constitutes fraud. By issuing a receipt in the name of Jake, when the service was rendered to Michelle, Joan has misrepresented the true recipient of the service to the insurance company. This could have legal repercussions for all parties involved.