Final answer:
Sodium valproate given during pregnancy can lead to the birth defect "spina bifida" (option C) in the baby. It is a teratogenic substance that can interfere with normal fetal development, particularly affecting the spinal cord.
Step-by-step explanation:
If given during pregnancy, sodium valproate can cause spina bifida in the baby. Sodium valproate is a medication used to treat epilepsy and other seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, and to prevent migraine headaches. However, it is known to be teratogenic, which means it can interfere with fetal development and cause birth defects. Spina bifida is one type of neural tube defect where the spinal cord does not develop properly, leading to varying degrees of disability. It is important for women who are pregnant or may become pregnant to discuss alternative treatments with their healthcare provider to mitigate risks.