Final answer:
The grafting technique where all limbs on a tree are grafted is called top working. Multiple leaves attached at the same node, like on a macadamia nut tree, denote a whorled leaf arrangement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of grafting when all the limbs on an entire tree are grafted is known as top working. This technique is often used to change the variety of fruit produced by a tree, to introduce disease resistance, or to rejuvenate an old tree. When it comes to leaf arrangements, the macadamia nut tree, which has multiple leaves attached to the same node, is characterized by a whorled leaf arrangement, which is option (a).