Final answer:
The most common causative agents of acute otitis media (AOM) in children are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Otitis media with effusion (OME) can occur due to anatomical characteristics and behaviors in children, while bacterial rhinosinusitis is often secondary to viral infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Common Causative Agents of Acute Otitis Media in Children
Infections of the middle ear, known as acute otitis media (AOM), are particularly common among children. The most frequent bacterial causes in infants and children younger than 14 years are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. These pathogens can lead to inflammation, causing fluid, and pus to build up in the middle ear, contributing to ear pain and potentially more severe symptoms.
Otitis Media with Effusion and Factors Involved
Otitis media with effusion (OME) occurs when fluid accumulates in the middle ear without signs of infection initially. Factors facilitating OME include the anatomical and physiological characteristics of young children's eustachian tubes, upper respiratory infections, and certain behaviors such as bottle feeding while lying down, increasing the risk of fluid build-up and secondary infections.
Common Causes of Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Children
Bacterial rhinosinusitis often develops after a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract, leading to sinusitis. It shares common causative agents with AOM, such as S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis.