Final answer:
Third-generation cephalosporins provide broad antibiotic coverage against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but are especially useful for treating infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens. Resistant bacteria like ESBL-producing or carbapenem-resistant strains may compromise their efficacy. Common third-generation cephalosporins include cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, which are vital in treating serious infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
What Bugs Do 3rd Generation Cephalosporins Cover?
Third-generation cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics known for their broad spectrum of activity. These antibiotics are frequently used to treat bacterial infections due to their improved efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria compared to earlier generations. They remain effective against many Gram-positive bacteria, but their real advantage is the extended coverage of Gram-negative pathogens. Particularly, they are active against pathogens that produce extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs), although these bacteria also show resistance to many other antibiotics. However, an important exception is the resistance by ESBLs and carbapenem-resistant bacteria to most ß-lactams, including third-generation cephalosporins. These resistant bacteria, such as strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in hospitalized patients.
Some commonly known third-generation cephalosporins include cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. These drugs inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis and are less susceptible to ß-lactamase inactivation compared to earlier generations. They are important for treating serious bacterial infections like pneumonia, gonorrhea, and various urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially when organisms are resistant to other antibiotics.