Final answer:
The central retinal artery and vein provide the blood supply to the interior layers of the retina, with the central retinal artery being a branch of the ophthalmic artery. The choroid supplies the outer retina.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central retinal artery and vein (CRA/CRV) supply blood to the interior layers of the retina. These vessels are critical for the retina's function as they provide oxygen and nutrients while also removing waste. The central retinal artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which itself arises from the internal carotid artery, and this system is responsible for maintaining the health of the eyes by supplying the necessary blood flow.
The choroid supplies the outer retina with blood and complements the function of the CRA/CRV by supplying the outer layers of the retina. The dual blood supply system is essential to meet the high metabolic demands of the retinal tissues, which are critical for the conversion of light into visual signals.