Final answer:
The term is alimony, which is financial support provided by one ex-spouse to the other after a divorce or legal separation. Historically, divorce was difficult to obtain, and financial support terms have evolved to provide equitable living standards post-separation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used when one former spouse is required to provide financial support to the other spouse under a legal separation or divorce is alimony. This financial support is aimed at providing a similar standard of living to the one experienced during the marriage. Historically, the obligation to support a spouse financially was stark, especially given the restrictions on women in terms of property rights and limited access to higher education and professional careers. In the past, divorce was exceptionally difficult to obtain and often required ample financial resources to navigate legal proceedings. Over time, thanks to feminist campaigns, divorce laws have evolved, making it more accessible for individuals to seek separation and enforce financial support agreements. An example of alimony can be understood by looking at historical military allowances, where a widowed mother if her son is unmarried and is her sole support, receives the same separation allowance as a wife; similarly, enlisted men, beyond their pay, are also provided with essential needs such as being clothed and fed.