Final answer:
In children, cardiac arrest is primarily caused by respiratory issues, electrolyte imbalances, or congenital heart defects and typically requires resuscitative interventions, such as the use of an AED.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cardiac arrest in children often presents differently compared to adults, and is typically not sudden. In children, the primary cause of cardiac arrest is often a respiratory issue leading to hypoxia (a lack of oxygen), rather than a direct cardiac cause like myocardial infarction (heart attack), which is more common in adults. Hypovolemic shock in children might be due to fluid loss from conditions like severe vomiting or diarrhea. Cardiac arrest in children can also be a result of serious electrolyte imbalances, congenital heart defects, or sudden and unexpected events like drowning or trauma. Cardiogenic shock can happen in children but is typically linked to congenital heart problems or severe infections affecting the myocardium, rather than from coronary artery disease. Treatment options are similar in some aspects, as both adults and children may require resuscitation efforts including the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).