Final answer:
Laws pertaining to clinical research include requirements for informed consent, minimizing risks to participants, and protecting privacy and confidentiality. Animal welfare laws also regulate the use of animals in research.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the field of clinical research, there are laws and guidelines in place to ensure the ethical treatment of human participants. These include the Nuremburg Code and the establishment of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), which review and approve clinical trial parameters to protect participants and identify potential issues. The laws require informed consent from participants, minimizing risks, and protecting participant privacy and confidentiality. In addition, laws exist to regulate the use of animals in research, such as the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy).