Final answer:
Metabolic alkalosis can result from severe vomiting and the loss of hydrogen and chloride ions. Potassium wasting diuretics and excessive use of antacids can also lead to alkalosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Metabolic alkalosis can result from prolonged, severe vomiting.
This causes a loss of hydrogen and chloride ions, which are components of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Medications, such as potassium wasting diuretics, can also lead to metabolic alkalosis by causing the body to lose potassium ions.
Additionally, excessive use of antacids, like in cases of persistent heartburn or ulcers, can contribute to alkalosis.