Final answer:
The most anterior heart chamber is the left atrium and the most posterior heart chamber is the right ventricle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most anterior heart chamber is the left atrium while the most posterior heart chamber is the right ventricle.
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins, while the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.