Final answer:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, and overriding aorta. Cyanotic spells are common and improve with squatting, and this condition is diagnosed typically through echocardiography and managed with extensive surgical repair.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition described in the question with symptoms including pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and cyanotic spells that improve with squatting is known as Tetralogy of Fallot. It is a congenital heart defect which includes four key anatomical abnormalities, although only three may be evident in a particular case. These include pulmonary infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Individuals with this condition may experience so-called "blue baby syndrome" due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood, leading to cyanosis. Echocardiography is typically used for diagnosis. Treatment usually entails extensive surgical repair to address the various components of the condition and can involve the use of stents and valve replacement.