Final answer:
Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations affecting fibrillin, impacting the skeleton, eyes, and heart, while Ehlers-Danlos syndrome arises from collagen defects, leading to joint hypermobility and skin issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Both Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) are genetic disorders affecting the body's connective tissue. However, they involve different genetic defects and result in distinct sets of symptoms.
Marfan syndrome is primarily associated with mutations in the gene that encodes for fibrillin, a glycoprotein critical for the elastic properties of connective tissue. This defect mainly affects the skeletal system, eyes, and cardiovascular system, often leading to tall stature, lens dislocation, and aortic aneurysm.
On the other hand, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is related to defects in collagen molecules, particularly type-III collagen, or the enzymes involved in collagen synthesis. EDS is characterized by hypermobile joints, fragile skin that bruises easily, and vascular complications, among other symptoms. Different types of EDS target different parts of the body, such as the skin, joints, and arterial walls.