Final answer:
Breast milk lacks sufficient amounts of vitamin D and vitamin K. Vitamin D is important for bone health and may need supplementation due to its limited natural food sources. Vitamin K is crucial for blood clotting, and deficiency may occur in breastfed infants if the maternal diet is insufficient in this vitamin.
Step-by-step explanation:
Breast milk provides vital nutrients for a baby's development and growth, along with immunoglobulins that protect against infections. However, it does not always supply adequate amounts of two specific vitamins: vitamin D and vitamin K. While breast milk contains various other nutrients, these particular vitamins may be insufficient for the baby's needs.
Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and development, and although it can be endogenously produced by exposure to sunlight, infants may still require additional supplementation, especially those with limited sun exposure or who live at higher latitudes. For vitamin D, the daily requirement for lactating women is 400 units/day, and breastfeeding infants may need a supplement since it is not found in high amounts in most natural food sources, except for fatty fish, fortified milk, or cereals.
Vitamin K, on the other hand, is essential for proper blood coagulation. Breastfed infants may show a deficiency if the mother's diet is low in this vitamin, as the average diet contains enough vitamin K due to synthesis by intestinal bacteria, except for newborn infants fed exclusively on breast milk.