Final answer:
The civilization that did not develop in Mesopotamia among the options is the Egyptians, known for their unique culture centered around the Nile River. Mesopotamia, on the other hand, was the cradle of several ancient civilizations including the Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the following ancient civilizations developed in Mesopotamia except: C. Egyptians. The Egyptians were a civilization that emerged from the fertile floodplains of the Nile and were known for their great monuments and sophisticated society. Mesopotamia was host to various other civilizations, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians. The Sumerians were established in the southern region of Mesopotamia and are known for their contributions to technology and literature. The Akkadians lived alongside the Sumerians, with their king Sargon setting up the first lasting empire in the region. The Babylonians spoke a Semitic language that evolved from Akkadian and built impressive cities like Babylon. The civilizations of Mesopotamia, particularly the Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians, contributed significantly to the development of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and the overall culture that is often referred to as the cradle of civilization.