Final answer:
Memory techniques like the peg word system are known as mnemonic devices, which help in organizing information to improve recall into long-term memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Memory techniques such as the peg word system are called mnemonic devices. These are memory aids that help us organize information for encoding, making it easier to recall. For instance, the mnemonic 'Mr. VEM J. SUN' represents the order of the planets, helping Brian remember them as Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Mnemonic devices utilize patterns, such as imagery and acronyms, to enhance the retention of information into long-term memory.