Final answer:
Bacteria produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel, leading to cavities. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste removes bacteria and strengthens teeth. Regular cleanings and reducing sugar intake are also important preventive measures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bacteria in the mouth, particularly Streptococcus mutans, are primarily responsible for the formation of dental caries, commonly known as cavities. These bacteria produce acids from the fermentation of sugary foods, which then dissolve the minerals in the tooth, causing decay. The acids particularly target the enamel, which is the hard outer coating of the tooth. When this enamel is eroded, cavities can form.
Brushing your teeth helps prevent cavities by physically removing bacteria and the biofilm (plaque) they form on teeth. Toothpastes contain abrasives to scrub teeth, and many also contain fluoride, which reinforces the enamel by becoming incorporated into the tooth structure. Fluoride is not only helpful for mineralizing the teeth but also acts as a bacteriostatic agent to slow the progression of enamel degradation.
Additional preventive measures against tooth decay include reducing sugar intake, using antiseptic mouthwashes, and undergoing regular dental cleanings to detect early decay and remove plaque and tartar build-up. Together, these practices help maintain good oral health and prevent dental caries.