Final answer:
In sarcoidosis, calcium and phosphate levels are typically elevated due to increased production of a vitamin D-like substance by sarcoid granulomas, resulting in more calcium absorption and potentially high levels of calcium in urine and blood.
Step-by-step explanation:
In sarcoidosis, the levels of calcium and phosphate may be elevated due to the granulomas' increased production of a substance similar to vitamin D, which leads to increased absorption of calcium from the gut. Furthermore, sarcoidosis can induce a state of hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia. This is different from conditions like hyperparathyroidism, where an excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes high serum calcium, low serum phosphate, and possible bone destruction and kidney stones. Also, unlike hyperphosphatemia generally associated with hypocalcemia due to vitamin D3 deficiency, sarcoidosis can induce elevated calcium levels alongside elevated phosphate levels due to dysregulated vitamin D metabolism.