Final answer:
Scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine, often idiopathic, and can progress during growth spurts. Treatment options include observation, braces, and surgery in severe cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The S-word that is defined as "a lateral curvature of the spine" is scoliosis. Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal, lateral curvature and twisting of the vertebral column. Compensatory curves might form to help maintain alignment of the head over the feet. It is the most common vertebral anomaly, particularly among girls, and its cause is often idiopathic, related to factors such as back muscle weakness, differential vertebral growth rates, or limb length discrepancies. The condition typically worsens during adolescent growth spurts.
For those affected, treatment options can range from monitoring to the use of a back brace or even surgery in extreme cases. The goal of treatment is usually to prevent further progression of the curvature. Orthopedists specialize in treating scoliosis and other spine-related conditions such as kyphosis and lordosis, which represent excessive curvatures of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the vertebral column, respectively.