Final answer:
The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, primarily oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion, and includes organs like the lungs which facilitate this process. It also has protective mechanisms against pathogens and harmful substances but can be affected by smoking and pollution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The respiratory system is essential for gas exchange, specifically for taking in oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide. This system encompasses a network of organs and structures, including the lungs and respiratory tract, that facilitate the process of respiration. The respiratory tract is divided into the upper and lower sections, with each performing vital roles in breathing and protecting the body from pathogens and harmful substances in the air.
The primary function of the respiratory system is twofold: it delivers oxygen to the body's cells via the circulatory system and removes carbon dioxide. In the lungs, the exchange of gases occurs, with oxygen transferring from the air to the blood and carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the air to be exhaled. Besides gas exchange, the respiratory system also plays roles in speech production, odor sensation, and defense against airborne pathogens.
To maintain its function and protect itself, the respiratory system can be impacted by infections, allergens, and pollutants. Avoiding smoking and exposure to harmful substances can significantly protect this organ system.