Final answer:
James Madison's 'Federalist No. 10' argues for a pluralist model in which a large republic prevents any single faction from dominating due to diverse interests and representative government, thus enhancing democracy and serving the common good.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison advances an argument for the pluralist model of government, addressing the problems posed by factions or interest groups. Madison suggests that a large republic can prevent the rise of a single dominant faction through its representative government. This ensures that no single group can monopolize governmental influence, thus allowing for a competition among diverse interests that enhances the democratic process. He asserts that this competition serves the common good by allowing more voices to contribute to self-governance. Madison acknowledges that factionalism can pose problems, as well-resourced interests might exert disproportionate influence. However, he contends that the extended sphere of a large republic would prevent any one faction from gaining too much power. This structural advantage would safeguard against the tyranny of a majority, allowing for a variety of interests to be represented and balanced within the political landscape. Elected representatives, ideally those of 'attractive merit,' are expected to mediate these interests and prevent an 'unjust and interested majority' from controlling the government. This republican system, Madison argues, is far superior in controlling the effects of factions than a direct democracy, due to the mediation of competing interests through elected officials. The discussion in Federalist No. 10 ultimately favors a robust representative republic over other forms of government to manage the inevitable conflicts arising from a diverse society with myriad competing interests.