Final answer:
Repeated spontaneous pneumothorax may need surgical intervention such as VATS or pleurodesis to prevent recurrence. Such conditions are quite serious and require professional medical procedures, not to be confused with first aid techniques like CPR or the Heimlich maneuver.
Step-by-step explanation:
Repeated spontaneous pneumothorax, which is a collapsed lung believed to be related to subtle abnormalities in connective tissue, may have to be treated surgically by a procedure known as Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) or other surgical techniques. These methods aim to repair the damage and prevent recurrence. Treatment may involve pleurodesis, which is the intentional creation of fibrous adhesions between the pleural layers to eliminate the space where a pneumothorax can occur. In severe cases, a surgical approach such as bullectomy or pleurectomy may be necessary, where parts of the lung or pleural lining are removed.
It is important to seek professional medical training for life-saving techniques like CPR, as improper application can lead to severe consequences, such as broken ribs or damage to internal organs. The Heimlich maneuver is another emergency procedure noted for its use in expelling aspirated objects from the respiratory tract, but it is distinct from the procedures used to address a pneumothorax.