Final answer:
The statement that tension pneumothorax can occur with mechanical ventilation and resuscitative efforts is True. Mechanical ventilation and aggressive CPR can both lead to conditions where air accumulates in the pleural space without a way out, potentially causing tension pneumothorax.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tension pneumothorax can indeed occur with mechanical ventilation and resuscitative efforts. This statement is True. Mechanical ventilation can increase intrathoracic pressure, particularly if there is an improper setting or malfunction. This increased pressure may cause the lung to collapse and air to collect in the pleural space without being able to escape, leading to a tension pneumothorax. During resuscitative efforts, such as aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), there might occur accidental injury to the lung or chest wall, creating a similar scenario where air can enter the pleural space and cannot exit.
The competing forces within the thorax are critical for maintaining a negative intrapleural pressure, which is necessary for normal lung function. A puncture to the thoracic cavity, such as from a knife wound, could let air into the space and impair the ability of the lung to expand, potentially leading to a collapsed lung or pneumothorax. Maintaining a carefully regulated level of pleural fluid and preventing air from entering the pleural cavity is essential for healthy respiratory function.