Final answer:
Pleuro- and costo- refer to the pleura and ribs, respectively. The correct answer is 'd) rib, side.' Costo- relates directly to the ribs, while pleuro- refers to the pleural aspect on the side of the chest.
Step-by-step explanation:
The word parts pleuro- and costo- denote different anatomical components related to the thoracic cavity. The prefix pleuro- refers to the pleura or pleural cavity, referring to the covering of the lungs and the space surrounding them. For example, in conditions like pleurisy, inflammation occurs in these layers. On the other hand, costo- is related to the ribs, as evidenced by terms like intercostal muscle, which are the muscles connected to the rib cage that contract during inspiration.
Considering this, the answer to the question is 'd) rib, side' as costo- typically pertains to the ribs, and pleuro- can relate to the side of the chest where the pleura are located.
The thoracic cage, including the sternum and the ribs with their corresponding costal cartilages, protects and supports the respiratory system which includes the lungs and their volumes - lung volume and lung capacity.