Final answer:
The separation of powers is outlined in the first three Articles of the U.S. Constitution. Article I addresses the legislative branch, Article II the executive branch, and Article III the judicial branch, with a system of checks and balances set in place.
Step-by-step explanation:
The separation of powers in the United States Constitution can be found clearly set forth in the first three Articles.
- Article I details the powers and limits of the legislative branch, or Congress, which is in charge of making the laws.
- Article II describes the executive branch, headed by the President, responsible for enforcing laws.
- Lastly, Article III outlines the judicial branch, which interprets laws through the power of judicial review.
These articles establish a system of checks and balances by granting each branch certain powers that can influence or counteract the actions of the other branches.
For example, while Congress has the power to pass legislation, the President has the power to veto this legislation, which can then be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress. Similarly, the judicial branch, through the Supreme Court, can declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional, thereby checking the powers of the other two branches. This structure is designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful, ensuring a balance of authority in the federal government.