Final answer:
Pterygium is an overgrowth of skin that disrupts nail growth, related to the nail plate and matrix, part of the integumentary system. Infections and other health issues can affect the nails, and understanding nail structure is essential for health specialists.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pterygium is a condition characterised by an excess of living skin that may remain attached to the nail plate and disrupt normal nail growth. This health issue relates to the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and various glands. The nail plate itself is the hard, visible part of the nail, and is made of keratin, growing from the nail matrix—a deep layer of epidermal tissue. Nail growth can be affected by various problems, including dermatophytic skin infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch, as well as infections of the fingernails and toenails caused by fungi.
The cuticle, a layer of dead epithelial cells, covers the edge of the nail plate and helps to prevent infection. When discussing reason for concern, aside from Pterygium, alterations in the appearance of nails can be indicative of broader health problems, such as illness or nutrient deficiency. It is also notable that skin cancer, which can affect the nail area, is primarily caused by excessive exposure to UV light.
The importance of understanding the structure of the nail, like the nail matrix and nail fold, as well as the potential health issues that can arise, is essential in health fields, particularly those specializing in dermatology or podiatry.