Final Answer:
Judicial review, the power of the judiciary to review the acts of other branches of government, was established for the state governments in the United States through the case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of judicial review was officially established for state governments in the United States through the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803. In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall asserted the authority of the Supreme Court to review and potentially invalidate actions of the executive and legislative branches that were deemed unconstitutional. This decision solidified the principle that the judiciary has the power to interpret the Constitution and serve as a check on the actions of the other branches of government.
The significance of Marbury v. Madison lies in the establishment of the Supreme Court's power of judicial review, which extends to both state and federal governments. Judicial review allows the courts to ensure that government actions align with the Constitution, preventing abuses of power and upholding the principles of the separation of powers. The case set a precedent that has had a lasting impact on the American legal system, shaping the role of the judiciary in safeguarding the Constitution and preserving the balance of powers among the branches of government.
By granting the judiciary the authority to interpret the constitutionality of governmental actions, Marbury v. Madison played a pivotal role in defining the scope of judicial power and reinforcing the foundational principles of the U.S. Constitution. This decision has had enduring implications for the legal landscape, guiding subsequent generations of judges in the exercise of judicial review at both the federal and state levels.