Question

A 22 year old patient with down syndrome is referred to the echo lab. The most common lesion associated with these patients is:

a) Tetraology of Fallot
b) Bicuspid aortic valve
c) AV Septal defect
d) Transposition of the great arteries

Answer 1

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common lesion associated with individuals with Down syndrome. It is a congenital heart defect characterized by an opening in the interventricular septum and blockage of the pulmonary trunk. Symptoms include low blood oxygen saturation and difficulty in breathing.

Step-by-step explanation:

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common lesion associated with individuals with Down syndrome. It is a congenital heart defect that occurs when there is an opening in the interventricular septum caused by blockage of the pulmonary trunk, normally at the pulmonary semilunar valve.

In Tetralogy of Fallot, blood that is relatively low in oxygen from the right ventricle flows into the left ventricle and mixes with the oxygen-rich blood. Symptoms include a distinct heart murmur, low blood oxygen saturation, difficulty in breathing, and issues with growth and development. The condition is typically confirmed by echocardiography imaging.

Keywords: Tetralogy of Fallot, Down syndrome, congenital heart defect, interventricular septum, pulmonary trunk, blood oxygen saturation, heart murmur, echocardiography imaging.