Final answer:
Medium vessel vasculitis includes extracutaneous manifestations such as loss of peripheral nerve function, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis, nausea and vomiting, hypotension and ischemia, and infamous meningococcal petechial rashes. Severe cases can result in multiple organ failure, shock, and death. Lyme disease and idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasia also demonstrate the diverse range of vasculitis-related symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Medium vessel vasculitis can have several extracutaneous manifestations impacting various organs and systems. Some common complications include the loss of peripheral nerve function, leading to numbness or weakness; glomerulonephritis, affecting kidney function; and hepatitis, indicating liver involvement. Symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and confusion could suggest central nervous system involvement. There could also be cardiovascular implications, like hypotension and ischemia, which can be fatal. Meningococcal meningitis, one specific type of medium vessel vasculitis, is associated with a characteristic petechial rash and can lead to rapid multiple organ failure, shock, and death if not treated promptly.
Additionally, in some vasculitic conditions, there may be the formation of hypopigmented skin lesions and nodules due to blood vessel inflammation and damage. In Lyme disease, another form of vasculitis, symptoms can range from a bull's eye rash and facial paralysis to severe arthritis and potentially fatal carditis in its later stages.
Another extracutaneous sign of vascular involvement is idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasia, which is the presence of dilated, twisted blood vessels in the retina, potentially impacting vision. These manifestations highlight the importance of recognizing the broad range of symptoms that vasculitis can cause, extending beyond skin-related symptoms.