Final answer:
Arterial ulcers are associated with Peripheral Artery Disease and can be identified by their well-defined edges, pain that improves with rest, and potential presence of bluish or cold skin. They often occur in areas with reduced blood flow due to narrowed arteries, and the blood pressure in the area is typically lower than the arm.
Step-by-step explanation:
Arterial ulcers are a type of wound associated with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), which is a condition resulting from the narrowing of arteries due to atherosclerosis. These ulcers are typically found on the feet and legs and are known for having certain characteristics. An arterial ulcer might present with symptoms such as leg pain, which is often intermittent and known as intermittent claudication. The pain generally subsides with rest. Affected individuals might also notice bluish skin, cold skin, and poor nail and hair growth around the affected area. Arterial ulcers can be recognized by their well-defined edges, location (often on the toes, foot, or areas of the leg subjected to pressure when lying down), and the presence of gangrenous tissue or exposed tendons in severe cases.
Due to the reduced blood flow caused by PAD, the blood pressure at the ankle is lower than the blood pressure at the upper arm. Under the microscope, arteries will appear wavy due to the partial constriction of the smooth muscle in the tunica media, while veins appear smooth. Understanding these microscopic and clinical features are vital in diagnosing and treating arterial ulcers effectively.