Final answer:
Topical steroids come in forms such as creams, gels, ointments, lotions, and more, mostly differing in base constituents that affect their use. Hydrocortisone cream is a common topical corticosteroid that alleviates symptoms like inflammation and itching, though it may not treat underlying causes. Hydrocortisone production has become more efficient due to advancements in biotechnology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The various preparations of topical steroids include creams, gels, ointments, lotions, foams, solutions, sprays, and tapes. These preparations are differentiated by their base constituents, which affect their application, potency, and absorption rate into the skin. A cream is a semi-solid emulsion that is typically less greasy and can be easily applied to both wet and dry areas of the skin. Ointments are more occlusive and appropriate for dry, non-oily areas, while lotions and solutions are more fluid and can be used for hairy or large areas due to their spreadability and easier application.
Hydrocortisone is a widely used topical corticosteroid available in various forms, such as creams and lotions, utilized to reduce inflammation and alleviate skin irritations like itching and rashes. Treatment with hydrocortisone and other corticosteroids tends to suppress the immune system locally, thus reducing symptoms such as pruritus (itching). However, it's important to note that these treatments may not address the underlying cause of skin conditions, and prolonged use could lead to potential side effects. Corticosteroids like hydrocortisone are synthesized through biotechnological processes that have made production more economical and efficient compared to traditional chemical synthesis.