Final answer:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used to treat various types of cancers and skin conditions by using a photosensitizing drug that becomes activated by light. It mainly targets cancerous and pre-cancerous cells, while limiting damage to surrounding healthy tissue. PDT has the advantage of low systemic toxicity, offering an alternative to conventional cancer treatments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment that utilizes photosensitizing drugs, which become activated by exposure to light. The primary indications for photodynamic therapy include certain types of cancer, such as skin cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and cancers of the head and neck. It is used to kill cancer cells without affecting much of the surrounding healthy tissue. PDT is also effective in treating pre-cancerous cells and has several dermatological indications, such as the treatment of acne and the minimization of pores.
In the application of photodynamic therapy, a photosensitizing agent is applied to the targeted area, and after an appropriate incubation period, the area is exposed to a specific wavelength of light, typically using lasers or LED devices. This light activates the agent, producing a reactive form of oxygen that destroys nearby cells. Photodynamic therapy is also noted for its low systemic toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy, making it a suitable option for certain patients with localized cancers or skin conditions.