Final answer:
In pediatric patients, an intravenous fluid bolus of NaCl solution is given for dehydration. If the dehydration includes high Na and HCO3 losses, a solution of isotonic saline mixed with sodium lactate is prescribed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fluid Administration in Pediatric Patients
In cases where pediatric patients require fluid resuscitation and are at risk of significant blood loss, a bolus of intravenous fluids is administered. If there is a risk of losing at least 500 ml of blood, or 7 ml/kg of body weight in children, proper vascular access and fluids should be promptly established. For correcting dehydration, a standard treatment includes administering an ordinary NaCl solution, which is given parenterally to replenish the losses. However, if fluid and electrolyte loss primarily include sodium (Na) and bicarbonate (HCO3), a recommended infusion is a mixture of 2/3 isotonic saline and 1/3 sodium lactate, provided intravenously to the patient.