Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy are closely monitored for changes in their red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts due to the effects of the treatment on their immune system and overall health.
Chemotherapy drugs target rapidly dividing cells, which includes not only cancer cells but also healthy cells that naturally divide quickly, such as those in the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. As a result, chemotherapy can cause a decrease in the production of both red and white blood cells.
Red blood cells (RBCs) are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. A decrease in their count, called anemia, can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and an increased risk of infection.
White blood cells (WBCs) play a crucial role in the immune system, helping to fight off infections and diseases. A decrease in their count, called leukopenia, can leave the patient more susceptible to infections and other complications.
Monitoring the RBC and WBC counts allows healthcare professionals to assess the patient's health and adjust the treatment plan accordingly. If the counts are too low, they may need to adjust the chemotherapy dosage or schedule, or provide additional treatments to support the patient's immune system.