Final answer:
Non-constitutional sources of presidential power include informal powers like the bully pulpit and traditions such as the President's Cabinet and the State of the Union address. Presidents also utilize unilateral actions like executive orders and executive agreements to enact policies without congressional approval, and institutions play a key role in balancing these powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sources of presidential power that do not come from the Constitution are varied and have evolved over time. These powers are often the result of traditions, the necessities of governance, and the modern interpretation of certain constitutional phrases. For instance, presidential power revolves around three key phrases suggesting an inherent authority: the executive power vested in the president, the presidential oath of office, and the duty to ensure that laws are faithfully executed. Additionally, informal powers have emerged, such as the bully pulpit, which allows presidents to persuade the public and legislative bodies effectively. The practical realities of governance have also given rise to traditions not explicitly outlined in the Constitution, such as the establishment of the President's Cabinet and the customary State of the Union address.
Presidents also engage in unilateral action, leveraging executive orders and executive agreements to bypass Congress in certain instances. These powers have grown considerably, especially with an expansive interpretation of the president's war powers. Demagogues may attempt to exploit these powers, but strong institutions are crucial in maintaining a democratic system, as was evident during the scrutiny of the 2020 elections.
Other examples of non-constitutional sources of presidential power include the ability to impact the legislative agenda through the State of the Union address, to convene special sessions of Congress, and to appoint various officials, albeit with Senate confirmation. These roles, while guided by the Constitution, have been broadly interpreted and expanded upon through historical practice.