Final answer:
The Constitution improved on the Articles of Confederation by b. establishing a bicameral legislature with a Senate for equal state representation and a House of Representatives based on population, thus balancing the interests of large and small states and strengthening federal powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
This was a significant change from the unicameral legislature under the Articles, where each state had one vote regardless of size. The new Constitution, influenced by the Virginia Plan, created two houses in Congress: the Senate, with equal representation from each state, and the House of Representatives, with representation based on population. The Constitution improved on the Articles of Confederation regarding the legislative branch by establishing a bicameral legislature.
The bicameral structure was a compromise between larger states wanting representation proportional to population and smaller states desiring equal representation. This arrangement ensured that both the interests of the states and the people were balanced in the national government, addressing deficiencies of the prior system that did not allow direct voting for representatives, had no separate executive branch, or a national judiciary.
In addition to creating the two separate chambers, the Constitution granted Congress significant powers that the national government lacked under the Articles of Confederation, such as the power to tax, maintain armed forces, and regulate interstate and international commerce.