Final answer:
Familial hearing loss is a type of impairment that occurs more frequently within a family due to genetic factors and is identified through case history.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hearing loss that tends to occur in more members of a family than would be expected by chance alone and is discovered through a case history would be classified as D. familial hearing loss. Familial hearing loss can be a result of genetic predisposition to certain types of hearing impairments, whether conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. It’s important to conduct a thorough case history to identify patterns of hearing loss within the family, which could indicate an inherited condition.