Final answer:
AS (Auricula Sinister/Auris Sinistra) refers to the left ear. The three ossicles in the middle ear, crucial for hearing, are malleus, incus, and stapes, also known as hammer, anvil, and stirrup, making 'd. both a and b' the correct answer for question 15.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you see 'AS' (Auricula Sinister/Auris Sinistra) on a chart, it refers to B. the left ear. This terminology is used in medicine to specify anatomical positions or the sides of the body. In terms of the auditory system, the ear is divided into the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear includes the pinna (or auricle) and the auditory canal, while the middle ear consists of three small bones: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). These are critical in the process of hearing, as they help transfer sound vibrations to the inner ear, where sound waves are converted into neural signals.
The three ossicles of the middle ear are known as a. malleus, incus, and stapes and also as b. hammer, anvil, and stirrup. Therefore, the correct answer to question 15 asking about the ossicles is d. both a and b.